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.

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NARRATOR: WHEN YOU SEE THIS
SYMBOL, YOU KNOW YOU’RE WATCHING

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TELEVISION THAT IS EDUCATIONAL
AND INFORMATIONAL.

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THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

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DYLAN: HI, EVERYONE, I'M DYLAN
DREYER.

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GRAB YOUR COAT, BECAUSE TODAY,
WE'LL SEE HOW ANIMALS ADAPT IN

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THE WILDEST OF WINTERS.

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THIS IS "EARTH ODYSSEY".

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TODAY, WE'LL HEAD TO EXTREMELY
COLD HABITATS TO FIND OUT HOW

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ANIMALS ADAPT IN THE WILDEST OF
WINTERS, INCLUDING THIS MOUNTAIN

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DWELLER DOING HIS BEST TO HIDE
IN PLAIN SIGHT.

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AND THIS CUTE CUB IS OUT OF
HIBERNATION AND LOOKING FOR MORE

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THAN THE "BEAR" NECESSITIES.

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PLUS, SOMETIMES THE ONLY
SOLUTION TO SHIVERING IS A LONG

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FLIGHT SOUTH FOR THE WINTER.

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BUT FIRST, BIOLOGY ISN'T
EVERYTHING IN THE ANTARCTIC, HOW

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ONE SPECIES DETERMINES ITS FATE
WITH BEHAVIOR THAT LOOKS A LOT

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LIKE LOVE.

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THIS AND MUCH MORE RIGHT NOW ON
"EARTH ODYSSEY".

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<i>[MUSIC]</i>

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DYLAN: THE EARTH'S CLIMATE CAN
RANGE FROM DOWNRIGHT SWELTERING

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TO UNBEARABLY FRIGID.

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EACH YEAR, AS TEMPERATURES,
SEASONS, AND FOOD SUPPLIES

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CHANGE, ANIMALS ADAPT IN
ASTONISHING WAYS.

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SOME HIBERNATE; SOME MIGRATE,
BUT OTHER ANIMALS SURVIVE AND

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THRIVE IN UNIMAGINABLY TOUGH
CONDITIONS.

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WE BEGIN WITH THE STORY OF ONE
SPECIES' INCREDIBLE SOCIAL

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SOLUTION TO LIFE IN THE COLDEST
PLACE ON EARTH.

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ANTARCTICA IS AN EXTREME WORLD.

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GUSTS CAN EXCEED
185 MILES PER HOUR,

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AND TEMPERATURES CAN DROP
MORE THAN 70 DEGREES BELOW ZERO.

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FEW CAN SURVIVE SUCH CONDITIONS,
BUT THERE'S ONE RESIDENT

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THAT BATTLES THE ANTARCTIC
WINTER IN A BID TO BRING NEW

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LIFE INTO THE WORLD...

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...THE EMPEROR PENGUIN.

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THE LARGEST OF THE WORLD'S
PENGUIN SPECIES, THE EMPEROR

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PENGUIN STANDS ALMOST FOUR FEET
TALL AND CAN WEIGH UP TO 90

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POUNDS.

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THESE BIRDS DON'T FLY.

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THEY SPEND MOST OF THEIR LIVES
AT SEA HUNTING FOR FOOD, BUT IN

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WINTER, WHEN TEMPERATURES
PLUMMET AND THE SEA ICE PLATFORM

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GROWS THICK ENOUGH, EMPEROR
PENGUINS LEAVE THE SEA AND MARCH

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TO OLD BREEDING GROUNDS.

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THEY'LL TREK UP TO 75 MILES TO
GET TO THE PERFECT FAMILIAR

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SPOT.

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A CHORUS OF NOISY COURTSHIP
ERUPTS AS PAST PARENTING

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PARTNERS REUNITE.

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THEY RECOGNIZE EACH OTHER BY
THEIR UNIQUE CALLS.

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AROUND A MONTH LATER, EACH
FEMALE LAYS A SINGLE EGG.

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SHE PASSES IT TO HER MATE, ALONG
WITH A HEAVY RESPONSIBILITY.

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THERE IS NOTHING ORGANIC ON THE
ICE PACK TO BUILD A WARM

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WINTER'S NEST WITH, SO HE
CARRIES THE EGG ON TOP OF HIS

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FEET, COVERING IT WITH A THICK
LAYER OF SKIN AND FEATHERS ON

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HIS BELLY CALLED A BROOD POUCH.

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HIS TASK IS TO KEEP THE EGG AND
THE NESTLING INSIDE SAFE AND

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WARM WHILE HIS MATE JOURNEYS FOR
FOOD.

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IT WILL BE A TEST OF FATHERLY
ENDURANCE.

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THEY STAND TOGETHER AND TURN
THEIR BACKS, CREATING A CIRCLE

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OF HEAT.

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CONSTANTLY MOVING, THEY TAKE
TURNS SHIELDING THE OTHER

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PENGUINS FROM THE ONSLAUGHT OF
STINGING ICE.

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TOGETHER, THE EMPEROR PENGUINS
BATTLE THE WEATHER FOR WEEKS ON

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END, WAITING FOR THE FEMALES TO
RETURN TO THE BREEDING COLONY.

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AFTER 65 DAYS, THE EGGS BEGIN TO
HATCH.

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BY THIS TIME, SOME MALES HAVE
ENDURED FOUR MONTHS WITHOUT A

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MEAL.

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THEY'VE LOST HALF THEIR BODY
WEIGHT, AND THE NEWBORN CHICKS

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NEED TO EAT.

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THE FEMALES ARE FINALLY ON THEIR
WAY HOME WITH A BELLY FULL OF

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FOOD FOR THE YOUNG, NOT A MOMENT
TOO SOON.

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EVEN THOUGH HE IS STARVING, THE
FATHER IS RELUCTANT TO HAND OVER

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THE BABY CHICK.

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HE HAS FACED SO MUCH TO PROTECT
HIS PRECIOUS CARGO.

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BUT NOW IT'S HIS TURN TO LEAVE
THE COLONY AND FIND SEAFOOD FOR

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HIMSELF AND THE GROWING CHICKS.

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IT WILL TAKE THE CHICKS ANOTHER
50 DAYS TO GROW ENOUGH FAT AND

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FEATHERS TO SWIM AND FEED ON
THEIR OWN.

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UNTIL THEN, THEY'RE ETERNALLY
PATIENT PENGUIN PARENTS WILL

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CONTINUE TO GIVE THEM SHELTER
FROM THE STORMS OF EASTERN

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ANTARCTICA.

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COMING UP, HIS SNOW WHITE COAT
IS THE PERFECT CAMOUFLAGE, BUT

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ONLY IF HE CAN STAY PERFECTLY
STILL.

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AND THEY'RE A FLOCK WHEN THEY
FLY, BUT A GAGGLE ON THE GROUND.

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WE GET INTO THE HEART OF THIS
GREGARIOUS GROUP.

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PLUS, HIBERNATION IS MUCH MORE
THAN A LONG WINTER'S NAP.

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JUST ASK THIS NEW ARRIVAL WHEN
"EARTH ODYSSEY" CONTINUES.

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.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO
THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

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DYLAN: FOR MORE THAN 700 MILES,
THE EUROPEAN ALPS FORM A

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CONTINUOUS CHAIN OF PEAK AND
CHASMS.

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TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS CAN
EXCEED 140 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

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BETWEEN SUN AND SHADE.

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TO SURVIVE IN SUCH A DEMANDING
ENVIRONMENT, ANIMALS HAVE

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EVOLVED IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PERFORMANCE OF THEIR BLOOD,

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LUNGS, AND HEART.

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IN WINTER, AT HIGH ALTITUDES,
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN

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ANIMAL'S BODY TEMPERATURE AND
THE OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE CAN BE

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MORE THAN 160 DEGREES
FAHRENHEIT.

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THE THICK FUR OF THE IBEX, AN
ICONIC WILD GOAT, CHANGES WITH

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THE SEASONS AND THE TEMPERATURE.

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BY RAISING AND LOWERING THE
HAIRS OF ITS FUR COAT, THE

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ANIMAL VARIES THE AMOUNT OF
TRAPPED AIR IT CONTAINS,

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EFFECTIVELY REGULATING THE HEAT
THAT ESCAPES TO THE OUTSIDE.

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IN THE LONG MONTHS WHEN FOOD
SOURCES ARE BOTH RARE AND ALSO

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HAVE LITTLE NUTRITIONAL VALUE,
ANYTHING THAT ALLOWS THE SAVING

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OF HEAT CAN PROVE TO BE VITAL.

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EVEN FOXES LIVING AT HIGH
ALTITUDES HAVE A MUCH THICKER

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COAT.

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A EUROPEAN RED FOX CAN SIT FOR
HOURS PROTECTED FROM THE COLD.

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HE CAN SURVIVE TEMPERATURES AS
LOW AS MINUS FIVE DEGREES

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FAHRENHEIT, BUT TO DO THAT,
HE'LL HAVE TO HIDE HIS FACE, THE

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PART LEAST WELL-COVERED, BENEATH
HIS TAIL.

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IT MUST SAVE ENERGY FOR A STYLE
OF HUNTING THAT IS HIGHLY

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DEMANDING, WANDERING
CONTINUOUSLY IN SEARCH OF

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SOMETHING TO PUT IN ITS MOUTH.

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DRIVEN BY HUNGER, HE IS
CAUTIOUS, BUT ALWAYS CURIOUS.

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THIS VOLE HAS DOZENS OF HIDING
PLACES AND ESCAPE ROUTES UNDER

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THE SNOW.

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THE RED FOX'S HEARING IS SHARP
ENOUGH TO HEAR THE RODENTS

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BURROWING UNDERGROUND, BUT NOT
TODAY.

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DISAPPOINTMENTS ARE NOT UNUSUAL
IN THE SCARCITY OF WINTER.

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BUT IT'S NOT ENOUGH FOR AN
ANIMAL JUST TO GROW A THICKER

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COAT WHEN IT SNOWS.

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A CHANGE OF SEASON BRINGS A
TRANSFORMATION IN THE

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ENVIRONMENT SO DRAMATIC, THAT
ONE INHABITANT OF HIGH ALTITUDES

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NEEDS TO ALTER ITS PHYSICAL
APPEARANCE BY CHANGING COLOR.

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THE ALPINE HARE MORPHS FROM
SUMMER GRAY TO WINTER WHITE.

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ONLY THE TIPS OF ITS EARS REMAIN
BLACK.

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IN HIS WINTER WHITE COAT, THE
HARE BECOMES LESS VISIBLE TO

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PREDATORS, BUT EVEN MORE
IMPORTANTLY, IT IS BETTER

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INSULATED.

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EACH INDIVIDUAL WHITE HAIR ON
ITS FUR COAT HAS MICROSCOPIC

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SPACES FILLED WITH AIR ACTING AS
INSULATION.

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THIS EXTRA WARMTH REALLY HELPS
AT DUSK, THE ANIMAL'S MOST

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ACTIVE PERIOD.

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THE COLD AT NIGHT BECOMES MORE
PENETRATING.

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THICK FUR ON HIS FEET FUNCTIONS
LIKE SNOWSHOES TO KEEP THE HARE

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MOVING ON TOP OF THE DEEP SNOW.

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THE SURVIVAL OF THIS ALPINE
ANIMAL DEPENDS ON THE PROTECTION

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OFFERED BY A COAT THAT MUST BE
KEPT PERFECTLY GROOMED, EVEN

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DOWN TO REMOVING TINY BALLS OF
SNOW THAT REMAIN ATTACHED.

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WHEN DAY BREAKS, THE HARE MUST
REDOUBLE ITS ATTENTION.

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EVEN THOUGH HE'S CAMOUFLAGED IN
WHITE AND HIGHLY ALERT, THE

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SLIGHTEST OF MOVEMENTS CAN BE
SPOTTED BY THE MOST EFFICIENT

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PREDATOR IN THIS ENVIRONMENT...

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...THE GOLDEN EAGLE.

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UNLIKE RABBITS, HARES LIVE
ENTIRELY ABOVE GROUND WITHOUT A

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BURROW FOR PROTECTION.

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BUT TODAY IS THIS HARE'S LUCKY
DAY.

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HE'LL KEEP HIS PLACE HIGH IN THE
ALPS WAITING FOR THE WARMTH OF

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SPRING.

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COMING UP, WHEN THE GOING GETS
TOUGH, THE TOUGH GET GOING.

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COME ALONG ON AN EPIC WINTER
MIGRATION.

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PLUS, MEET AN ELUSIVE MOUNTAIN
MAMA AND HER NEW CUB.

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FIND OUT HOW THEY MAKE IT
THROUGH WINTER IN THE WORLD'S

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TALLEST MOUNTAINS WHEN "EARTH
ODYSSEY" COMES RIGHT BACK.

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.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO
THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

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00:11:12,472 --> 00:11:15,175
DYLAN: FOR CREATURES WHO LIVE
THEIR LIFE ON THE WING, THE

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00:11:15,275 --> 00:11:18,978
GALES OF WINTER BRING UNIQUE
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES.

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00:11:19,079 --> 00:11:23,283
UNLIKE MANY SPECIES, BIRDS ARE
NATURAL ESCAPE ARTISTS, AND

162
00:11:23,383 --> 00:11:26,119
OFTEN, THOSE WHO CAN MIGRATE,
DO.

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00:11:26,219 --> 00:11:29,656
BUT FOR SOME, THAT CAN MEAN A
HARROWING JOURNEY OF THOUSANDS

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00:11:29,756 --> 00:11:31,358
OF MILES OR MORE.

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00:11:32,258 --> 00:11:35,862
WHEN WINTER COMES TO THE
MOUNTAINS, BIRDS FACE HARDSHIPS

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00:11:35,962 --> 00:11:37,997
LIKE ANY OTHER ANIMAL.

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00:11:39,099 --> 00:11:42,602
BUT ONE LARGER NORTHERN EUROPEAN
BIRD SPECIES PREFERS TO LEAVE

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00:11:42,702 --> 00:11:45,739
THE HUNGER-INDUCING HARDSHIPS OF
WINTER BEHIND.

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00:11:45,839 --> 00:11:50,243
IT'S FAMOUS FOR ITS LONG WINTER
MIGRATION AND ODERLY PATTERNS IN

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00:11:50,343 --> 00:11:51,945
FLIGHT.

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00:11:52,545 --> 00:11:57,017
WILD GEESE FLY SOUTH TO COASTAL
ITALY FOR THE WINTER FROM AS FAR

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00:11:57,117 --> 00:11:59,419
NORTH AS THE ARCTIC CIRCLE.

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THEIR V-SHAPED FORMATIONS HELP
CONSERVE ENERGY.

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00:12:03,490 --> 00:12:06,626
THE POSITION OF FRONT GOOSE
ROTATES BETWEEN ALL MEMBERS OF

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00:12:06,726 --> 00:12:10,864
THE FLOCK, SO NO BIRD GETS TOO
TIRED.

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00:12:12,832 --> 00:12:16,569
IT'S A DEAFENING CHORUS OF
THOUSANDS.

177
00:12:16,670 --> 00:12:20,440
MORE THAN 5,000 INDIVIDUALS
GATHER IN THIS PROTECTED COASTAL

178
00:12:20,540 --> 00:12:22,742
PARK EVERY WINTER.

179
00:12:22,842 --> 00:12:26,613
DURING THE DAY, THEY TRAVEL TO
NEARBY FARMS OF WHEAT FIELDS TO

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00:12:26,713 --> 00:12:28,648
FEED ON THE CHUTES.

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00:12:39,159 --> 00:12:43,096
AS A GREGARIOUS ANIMAL, THE WILD
GOOSE CAN RELY ON AN EFFECTIVE

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00:12:43,196 --> 00:12:46,833
SURVEILLANCE SERVICE WITH
LOOKOUTS READY TO DETECT ANY

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00:12:46,933 --> 00:12:48,435
MOVEMENT.

184
00:12:55,709 --> 00:12:57,977
<i>[GOOSE HONKING]</i>

185
00:13:02,782 --> 00:13:06,953
THE AGILE MARSH HARRIER IS TOO
SMALL TO WORRY THESE LARGE

186
00:13:07,053 --> 00:13:08,221
BIRDS.

187
00:13:08,321 --> 00:13:11,725
INDEED, THEY SEEM TO BE IGNORING
IT ALTOGETHER AND CONTINUE

188
00:13:11,825 --> 00:13:15,462
FOCUSING ON THEIR MAIN ACTIVITY,
EATING.

189
00:13:19,432 --> 00:13:24,070
A NEARBY FOX, ON THE OTHER HAND,
IS A REAL THREAT.

190
00:13:24,971 --> 00:13:27,707
<i>[GOOSE HONKING]</i>

191
00:13:28,808 --> 00:13:30,977
<i>[GEESE HONKING]</i>

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00:13:35,215 --> 00:13:37,717
ITS PRESENCE HASN'T GONE
UNNOTICED.

193
00:13:37,817 --> 00:13:41,654
SENTRIES SOUND THE ALARM, AND
THE FOX REALIZES IT HAS NO

194
00:13:41,755 --> 00:13:43,456
CHANCE.

195
00:13:47,460 --> 00:13:51,831
COMMON CRANES ALSO FLOCK TO THIS
CIVILIZED WINTER OASIS TO ESCAPE

196
00:13:51,931 --> 00:13:54,567
THE NORTHERN COLD AND FOOD
SCARCITY.

197
00:13:55,902 --> 00:13:58,972
BOTH AVIAN SPECIES ARE
DETERMINED TO MAKE THE MOST OF

198
00:13:59,105 --> 00:14:03,476
THE RICH ADVANTAGES HERE,
ENJOYING A LITTLE ITALIAN FOOD

199
00:14:03,576 --> 00:14:06,880
BEFORE THE LONG FLIGHT HOME IN
SUMMER.

200
00:14:11,718 --> 00:14:15,855
COMING UP, SOMETIMES THE ONLY
SOLUTION TO AN IMPOSSIBLE WINTER

201
00:14:15,955 --> 00:14:18,324
IS TO HUNKER DOWN AND WAIT.

202
00:14:18,425 --> 00:14:22,696
BUT JUST HOW DO THESE TWO
SURVIVE FOR MONTHS WITHOUT FOOD?

203
00:14:22,796 --> 00:14:23,830
DON'T GO AWAY.

204
00:14:23,930 --> 00:14:26,232
"EARTH ODYSSEY" WILL BE RIGHT
BACK.

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.

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NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO
THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

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DYLAN: THE HIMALAYAS COVER
ALMOST A QUARTER MILLION SQUARE

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MILES OF SKYSCRAPING MOUNTAINS
AND SEPARATE THE INDIAN

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SUBCONTINENT FROM THE TIBETAN
PLATEAU.

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AT THE WESTERN END OF THE RANGE,
10,000 FEET UP IS A DESOLATE

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ZONE WHERE ONLY THE HEARTIEST
ANIMALS SURVIVE, INCLUDING ONE

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OF THE HIMALAYAS' LARGEST AND
MOST ELUSIVE SPECIES...

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...THE HIMALAYAN BROWN BEAR.

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IT'S EARLY SPRING.

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A FEMALE HAS EMERGED FROM HER
DEN AFTER A FIVE-MONTH

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HIBERNATION.

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HIBERNATION ALLOWS THE BEAR TO
GET THROUGH THE FOOD SCARCITY

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AND EXTREME COLD OF WINTER, BUT
IT'S NOT THE SAME AT ALL AS

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SLEEPING.

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SAFE IN THE DEN, HER BREATHING,
HEART RATE, AND EVEN BRAIN

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ACTIVITY DROP TO AN EXTREMELY
LOW RATE, CONSERVING ENERGY FOR

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A FEW WEEKS BEFORE CYCLING BACK
UP, THEN DOWN AGAIN.

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SHE HASN'T EATEN SINCE AUTUMN
AND HAS LOST ALMOST 30 PERCENT

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OF HER BODY WEIGHT, AND NOW
SHE'S GOT AN EXTRA MOUTH TO

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FEED.

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<i>[BEAR CUB WHIMPERING]</i>

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BORN IN HIS MOTHER'S DEN, THIS
CUB IS EXPERIENCING EVERYTHING

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OUTSIDE FOR THE FIRST TIME.

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<i>[BEAR GROWLING]</i>

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IT'S A SCARY NEW WORLD.

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AT THIS ALTITUDE, HE'LL GROW
SLOWLY.

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00:16:32,258 --> 00:16:35,495
FOOD IS SCARCE, AND THE AIR IS
THIN.

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00:16:38,832 --> 00:16:42,202
HE'LL STAY WITH HIS MOTHER FOR
TWO-AND-A-HALF MORE YEARS...

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...SIX MONTHS LONGER THAN THE
CUB OF A NORTH AMERICAN GRIZZLY.

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HE IS A TRUE MAMA'S BOY, WHICH
WILL HELP HIM LEARN THE SKILLS A

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LARGE MAMMAL NEEDS TO SURVIVE AT
SUCH HIGH ALTITUDE.

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00:17:00,754 --> 00:17:05,125
TODAY'S LESSON, FINDING FOOD IN
A BARREN LANDSCAPE.

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THERE ARE NO FRUITS OR BERRIES
ON THESE SLOPES, AND PROTEIN IS

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HARD TO COME BY.

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EVEN AT 320 POUNDS, THE MOTHER
IS LESS THAN HALF THE SIZE OF

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HER NORTH AMERICAN COUSINS.

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00:17:30,517 --> 00:17:34,454
LONG CLAWS AND A POWERFUL BUILD
HELP HER TEAR THROUGH THE GROUND

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00:17:34,554 --> 00:17:36,923
FOR GRASSES AND ROOTS TO EAT.

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00:17:38,658 --> 00:17:41,828
BUT THE CUB IS EASILY
DISTRACTED.

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00:17:51,171 --> 00:17:53,907
WHILE HE TAKES A BREAK FROM THE
CLASSROOM, THE MOTHER FINDS A

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00:17:54,074 --> 00:17:58,878
SUNNY RESTING SPOT, BUT THEY'RE
NOT ALONE ON THE SLOPES.

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HIMALAYAN IBEX ARE FORAGING
HIGHER UP.

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00:18:06,419 --> 00:18:09,322
AS THE LARGE GOATS MANEUVER
ACROSS THE STEEP GROUND, IT

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BECOMES LOOSE.

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00:18:13,893 --> 00:18:17,030
IN THIS LANDSCAPE, FALLING
DEBRIS CAN OFTEN GROW INTO AN

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AVALANCHE OF ROCK.

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00:18:27,741 --> 00:18:31,378
EVEN HALF ASLEEP, THE BEAR
MOTHER HEARS THE STONES COMING.

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00:18:31,478 --> 00:18:36,349
NO LANDSLIDE THIS TIME, BUT HER
AFTERNOON NAP IS RUINED.

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00:18:41,521 --> 00:18:44,524
MAYBE HIGHER UP IN THE MOUNTAIN,
HER CUB CAN CONTINUE HIS LESSON

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00:18:44,624 --> 00:18:46,760
IN FORAGING.

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00:18:50,063 --> 00:18:53,133
WE'VE JUST SEEN HOW THE
CHALLENGES OF THE SEASONS BRINGS

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OUT THE BEST IN ANIMALS'
ADAPTIVE CREATIVITY.

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00:18:56,269 --> 00:18:59,472
WE HOPE YOU ENJOYED LEARNING HOW
OUR FELLOW EARTHLINGS COPE WITH

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00:18:59,572 --> 00:19:02,676
SCARCITY, COLD, AND OTHER
SPECIES DURING THEIR WILD

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WINTERS.

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00:19:03,710 --> 00:19:04,611
THANKS FOR WATCHING.

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I'M DYLAN DREYER.

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SEE YOU NEXT TIME ON "EARTH
ODYSSEY".

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<i>[MUSIC]</i>